THE IMPACT OF BUDGETING ON TEACHERS’ PERFORMANCE

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

Educational administrators have long recognized the value of budgeting. Budgeting is a dynamic accounting instrument at the disposal of management for the optimal allocation of resources in the face of scarcity through effective planning, coordination, and control of a business's financial activities. Budgets are now the most important management instruments. According to Madumere (2008), budgets are operational instruments for allocating resources in the economy and transforming society in accordance with predetermined aims. Education managers will want to know the percentage of public monies allocated to education in order to know exactly what financial resources are available to them for program design and execution throughout the specified time period. This indicates that decision-making in any business, including school and other training grounds, would be impaired in the absence of budget analysis.

Education, as a tool for change, undergoes periodic modifications throughout the growth of any nation. Teachers are the primary drivers of these reforms, and they must be well compensated and properly rewarded in order for them to give their all.

According to Perrin (2009), the world budget derives from the French word "baguette." It was first used in England to refer to the white leather bag or pouch that contained the seal of the medieval Exchequers court. Later, the minister's bag carrying his proposal for financing government expenditure became known as his budget; whenever he presented his proposal to parliament, he was called to "open his budget," a phrase first used in 1733AD.

In recent years, the significance and relevance of the budget have taken on new dimensions in both the public and commercial sectors of the economy. Budgeting is seen as an important management tool, particularly in the complex educational system. The budget could be for a single year or for two years. The analysis would aid in the evaluation of the proportion allocated to education over the specified time period.

Education managers, planners, and administrators must be familiar with budget analysis in order to do their duties effectively. The budget specifically displays how much of the state's budget is dedicated to the education sector other sectors for the fiscal year 2011. It is sufficient to state that the Lagos State Government announced an anticipated spending of N52,000,000 (One Hundred Fifty Two Million Naira only) in its line item budget system in 2011 for the management of each of its 12 educational districts, including the region under consideration. This amounts to 48% for the fiscal year, as detailed in Chapter 2 of this study. One of the strategies commonly used in budget analysis is calculating the percentages of each item over the entire budget. This determines the effect proportion of any item under consideration. It is difficult for educational planners to analyze budgets that are inevitably determined by instructors. This is because it takes motivated teachers or workers to make the best use of the resources available to them.

Against this context, this study aims to investigate any sort of narrowly designed budgeting system or those that are insensitively administered and hence dysfunctional to Nigeria's educational system. As a result, the project research of a mind the budgeting system of a case study, Lagos education district Two approaches to Oshodi/Isolo L.G.A and its environs.

1.2 Statement Of The Problem

According to Ogunleye (2022), knowledge of budget analysis is required for education managers, also known as educational planners and administrators, in order to efficiently carry out their duties. The budget for 2011 specifies the percentage of the overall state budget that will be allocated to various educational sectors and subsectors. It goes without saying that the Lagos State Government included in its line item budget system in 2011 an expected spending of N52,000,000 (one hundred and fifty two million Naira only) for the running of each of its six educational districts, which covers the region under consideration. According to the second section of this research endeavor, this accounts for 48% of the total for the fiscal year. One of the approaches commonly employed in budget analysis is the computation of the percentages that each of them represents of the overall budget (Oluwaseun 2022). This gives an idea of the effect % of any component under examination. When attempting to conduct cost-benefit evaluations on budgets that are tightly related to faculty members, education planners face a dilemma. This is because instructors and workers must be motivated in order to make the most of the resources available to them.

Given this context, the goal of this research is to look into the impact of school budgets on teacher performance.

1.3 Objectives Of The Study

The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of budgeting on teachers performance. Specifically, other objectives of this study are:

i.  To determine whether school budgeting impacts teachers attitude to teaching.

ii. To determine whether school budgeting impacts teachers teaching method.

iii. To determine whether school budgeting impacts teachers productivity.

iv.  To determine whether school budgeting impacts teachers work ethics.

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions will be answered in this study:

i. Does school budgeting impact teachers attitude to teaching?

ii. Does school budgeting impact teachers teaching method?

iii. Does school budgeting impact teachers productivity?

iv. Does school budgeting impact teachers work ethics?

1.5 Significance Of The Study

This study will be greatly significant to the educational sector as the findings of this study will reveal the impact of budgeting on teachers performance thus enabling the policy makers to make effective policies that will be beneficial to teachers.

This study will also be significant to researchers and scholars as this study will serve as a reference point for further studies and future reference.

1.6 Scope Of The Study

This study is focused on the impact of school budgeting on teachers performance. Specifically, this study is focused on determining whether school budgeting impacts teachers attitude to teaching, determining whether school budgeting impacts teachers teaching method, determining whether school budgeting impacts teachers productivity and determining whether school budgeting impacts teachers work ethics.

Teachers of selected secondary schools in Lagos education district Two coping of Oshodi/Isolo L.G.A and its environs will serve as the enrolled participants for the survey of this study.

1.7 Limitations Of The Study

During the course of carrying out the study, the researcher came into a few obstacles, which is to be expected given the human nature of the undertaking. The researcher incurred additional financial expenses and spent additional time sourcing for relevant materials, literature, or information, as well as during the process of data collection, which is why the researcher chose a small sample size. The scarcity of literature on the subject as a result of the nature of the discourse also contributed to the researcher's decision to use a small sample size. In addition, the researcher was involved in a number of other academic activities at the same time that she was conducting her investigation. In addition, because the study instrument was only given to a limited number of respondents to complete, the findings cannot be generalized to secondary schools located in other states. In spite of the constraints that were present during the course of the inquiry, every facet was examined and minimized in order to guara

tee the most successful outcomes and the most fruitful study.

1.8 Definition Of Terms

Impact: A marked effect or influence.

School budgeting: The school budget may be described as the process of preparing a statement of anticipated revenue and the proposed expenditure over a period of time. In other words, it is a process of preparing a summary of the programmes in the school that will be reflected by the expected revenue.

Teachers performance: Teachers' job performance can be defined as the actions they perform in schools in order to achieve education.

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